Historical Events
- Jul 2 General Early and Confederate forces reach Winchester en route to Washington, D.C.
- Jul 2 Statuary Hall in US Capitol forms
- Jul 3 Battle of Chattahoochie River, Georgia [until Jul 9]
- Jul 3 Harpers Ferry, West Virginia - Federals evacuate in face of Early's advance
- Jul 5 Battle at Chattahoochee River, Georgia (Skirmish at Pace's Ferry) fought during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War
- Jul 5 Battle of Smith's Expedition, Mississippi (Tupelo, Harrisburg)
- Jul 8 The Shinsengumi sabotage the Choshu-han shishi's planned attack on Kyoto, Japan at Ikedaya. This event is known as Ikedaya Jiken.
- Jul 9 Battle of Monocacy, Maryland, confederate forces led by Lieutenant General Jubal Early
- Jul 11 Confederate forces led by General Jubal Early begin invasion of Washington, D.C. with the Battle of Fort Stevens
- Jul 13 Early retreats from Washington City back to Shenandoah Valley
- Jul 14 Gold is discovered in Helena, Montana
- Jul 15 Troop train loaded with Confederate prisoners collided with a coal train killing 65 and injuring 109 of 955 aboard
- Jul 17 CSA President Davis replaces General Joe Johnston with John Bell Hood
Lincoln Calls for Volunteers
Jul 18 US President Abraham Lincoln asks for 500,000 volunteers for military service
Battle of Atlanta
Jul 22 Battle of Atlanta: General Sherman's Union side defeats Confederate troops under General Hood, with 8,449 Confederate and 3,641 US casualties
- Jul 26 -30] US Civil War: Union Brig. General Edward McCook leads unsuccessful cavalry raids at Lovejoy Station, Georgia
- Jul 26 -30] US Civil War: Union General George Stoneman leads unsuccessful raid in Macon, Georgia
- Jul 27 Battle of Darbytown, Virginia (Deep Bottom, Newmarket Road) (Strawberry Plains)
- Jul 28 2nd day of battle at Deep Bottom Run, Virginia
- Jul 28 US Civil War: Battle at Ezra Chapel - Union forces under Major Gen. William Sherman defeat Confederate Lt. General John Bell Hood near Atlanta in Fulton County, Georgia
- Jul 29 American Civil War: Battle at Deep Bottom Run, Virginia, 3rd and last day
- Jul 29 American Civil War: Battle of Macon, Georgia (Stoneman's Raid)
- Jul 30 Battle of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania - burned by Union forces under McCausland
Battle of Interest
Jul 30 US Civil War, Siege of Petersburg: Union General Ambrose Burnside fails in an attack on Petersburg, Virginia, in the Battle of the Crater
General of Volunteers
Jul 31 Ulysses S. Grant is named General of Volunteers
Famous Birthdays
John Jacob Astor IV (1864-1912)
Jul 13 American business magnate, real estate developer (Astoria Hotel) and soldier (richest passenger aboard the Titanic), born in Rhinebeck, New York
- Jul 15 Marie Tempest [Marie Susan Etherington], British actress known as the "queen of her profession" (Yellow Sands), born in London, England (d. 1942)
- Jul 18 Phillip Snowden, British politician, 1st Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer, born in Cowling, Yorkshire (d. 1937)
- Jul 18 Ricarda Huch, German writer and historian "First Lady of German humanism", born in Braunschweig (d. 1947)
- Jul 20 Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Swedish poet (Nobel Prize for Literature 1919-refused; 1931-posthumous), born in Karlbo, Sweden (d. 1931) [1]
- Jul 21 Frances Cleveland, American 1st lady (1885-89, 93-97), wife of President Grover Cleveland, born in Buffalo, New York (d. 1947)
- Jul 23 Apolinario Mabini, Filipino political theoretician and 1st Prime Minister of the Philippines, born in Tanauan, Batangas, Philippines (d. 1903)
Frank Wedekind (1864-1918)
Jul 24 German actor and playwright (The "Lulu" plays), born in Hanover, German Confederation
- Jul 24 Michel-Gaston Carraud, French composer, born in Le Mée-sur-Seine, France (d. 1920)
Famous Deaths
- Jul 6 Samuel Allen Rice, American Brigadier General (Union Army), dies of injuries at 36
- Jul 17 Daniel McCook Jr, American Brigadier General (Union Army), dies at 29
- Jul 17 Dirk Dark Curtius, attorney/liberal minister of Justice, dies at 71
- Jul 22 Ägid Karl Lickl, Austrian guitar virtuoso, pianist, and composer, dies at 60
- Jul 22 James Birdseye McPherson, US Union general-major, dies in The Battle of Atlanta at 35
- Jul 22 William H. T. Walker, American Major General (Confederate Army), killed in action at 47 during the Atlanta Campaign
- Jul 25 Clement H. Stevens, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), dies at 42
- Jul 27 John Putnam Chapin, American politician and 10th Mayor of Chicago (1846-47), dies at 54
- Jul 27 Margaret E Breckinridge, US nurse/daughter of VP John, dies
- Jul 28 Johann Hermann Kufferath, German composer, dies at 67
- Jul 28 Samuel Benton, US Confederate brigadier general, dies in battle at about 44
- Jul 31 Louis Christophe François Hachette, French publisher (Librairie Hachette), dies at 64
