Historical Events
Battle of Gettysburg
Jul 1 Battle of Gettysburg begins in Pennsylvania, Union forces halt Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia
- Jul 1 Free city delivery of mail begins in 49 US cities; postage 3 cents per oz
- Jul 1 Slavery abolished in Dutch territories including Sint Maarten, Suriname and the Dutch Antilles, (now marked as Keti Koti Day in Suriname and the Netherlands)
- Jul 2 2nd day of the Battle of Gettysburg (US Civil War)
- Jul 2 R Morgan's: Burksville, Kentucky to Salineville, Ohio [->JUL 26]
- Jul 3 Battle of Gettysburg, largest battle ever fought on the American continent, ends in a major victory for the Union during the US Civil War
- Jul 4 Boise, Idaho, founded (now capital of Idaho)
- Jul 4 Failed Confederate assault on Helena Arkansas (640 casualties)
Withdrawal from Gettsburg
Jul 4 General Lee's army withdraws from Gettysburg
Event of Interest
Jul 7 Orders barring Jews from serving under US General Ulysses S. Grant are revoked
Event of Interest
Jul 9 Confederate General John Hunt Morgan begins "Morgan's Raid", his cavalry aid into Indiana by leading 2,100 men across the Ohio river
- Jul 9 US Union troops enter Port Hudson, Louisiana, gaining control of the Mississippi River
- Jul 10 Battle of Charleston, South Carolina (Morris Island) [->SEP 06]
- Jul 10 Battle of Jackson, Mississippi - captured by federals [->JUL 16]
- Jul 11 Battle at Green River, Kentucky (Morgan's Ohio Raid)
- Jul 11 Japanese battle cruiser shoots at Dutch warship Medusa, kills 4
- Jul 11 US military holds 1st draft lottery in New York City; exemptions are offered at cost of $300, a fee only the wealthy could afford
- Jul 12 In New Zealand, British forces invade the Waikato, home of the Māori King Movement, beginning a new phase of the New Zealand Wars between the colonial government and allied Māori tribes on one side and Māori on the other
- Jul 13 Battle of Bayou La Fourche, Louisiana
- Jul 13 Battle of Tupelo, Mississippi (Harrisburg) [->JUL 15]
- Jul 13 New York City Draft Riot: Anti-draft protests turn violent, over 100 killed, including lynching of Blacks, 2,000 injured and 50 buildings burned; riots last for 3 days
- Jul 13 Rebellion at Morgan's, Ohio [->JUL 26]
- Jul 14 Battle of Falling Waters, Maryland (Beaver Creek)
- Jul 14 Jews of Holstein Germany granted equality
- Jul 15 President Davis orders service duty for confederate army
- Jul 16 Utrecht-Swells railway opens
- Jul 17 Battle of Honey Springs - largest battle in Indian Territory
- Jul 17 Māori forces are defeated by British troops at Koheroa, Waikato, in the New Zealand Wars between Maori tribes and British colonials
- Jul 18 Battle of Fort Wagner, South Carolina - Second assault
- Jul 19 Battle of Buffington's Island (St George Creek), Ohio
- Jul 23 Alexandra Park opens in North London, England
- Jul 24 Battle at Battle Mountain, Virginia
- Jul 25 Skirmish at Barbee's Crossroads, Virginia
- Jul 26 Battle of Salineville: Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 364 troops surrender to Union forces after a 17-day unauthorized raid through Indiana and Ohio
- Jul 30 Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, promising to stop harassing the emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah
"Eye-for-Eye" Order
Jul 30 President Abraham Lincoln issues "eye-for-eye" order to shoot a rebel prisoner for every black prisoner shot
Famous Birthdays
- Jul 1 William Grant Stairs, Canadian-British explorer and adventurer who had a leading role in two of the most controversial expeditions in the history of the colonisation of Africa, born in Halifax, Nova Scotia (d. 1892)
- Jul 12 Albert Calmette, French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin), born in Nice, France (d. 1933)
- Jul 12 Paul Karl Ludwig Drude, German physicist (optics), born in Brunswick, Germany (d. 1906)
- Jul 13 Emma Mary Woolley, American educator and women's rights activist (President of Mount Holyoke College), born in South Norfolk, Connecticut (d. 1947)
- Jul 19 Dwijendralal Ray, Bengali poet, playwright and lyricist (Dwijendrageeti), born in Krishnanagar, British India (d. 1913)
- Jul 19 Hermann Bahr, Austrian writer (Concert), born in Linz, Austria (d. 1934)
- Jul 21 C Aubrey Smith [Charles], British actor (The Prisoner of Zenda), born in London, England (d. 1948)
- Jul 22 Alec Hearne, English cricket batsman (1 Test; Wisden Cricketer of the Year 1894; Kent), born in Ealing, England (d. 1952)
- Jul 24 Tommy McCarthy, American Baseball HOF outfielder (Boston Beaneaters, Philadelphia Quakers, St. Louis Browns), born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1922)
- Jul 26 Jāzeps Vītols, Latvian composer, born in Valmiera, Russian Empire (d. 1948)
- Jul 26 Paul Walden, Latvian chemist (Walden inversion, room-temperature ionic liquid, ethylammonium nitrate), born in Rozulas, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire (d. 1957)
- Jul 28 Hussein Khan Nakhichevanski, Russian general (d. 1919)
Henry Ford (1863-1947)
Jul 30 American industrialist and auto maker (Ford Model T), born in Dearborn Township, Michigan
Famous Deaths
Alonzo Cushing (1841-1863)
Jul 3 American Union officer, dies at the Battle of Gettsburg at about 22
- Jul 3 Elon John Farnsworth, American Brigadier General (Union Army), dies at the battle of Gettysburg at 25
- Jul 3 George Hull Ward, American general and Union officer in the American Civil War, dies of his wounds at the Battle of Gettysburg at 37
- Jul 3 Little Crow [Ta-oya-te-duta], Mdewakanton Dakota leader (Treaty of Mendota), shot and killed by settlers at about 53
- Jul 3 Richard B. Garnett, American Confederate Brigadier General, killed during Pickett's Charge, Battle of Gettysburg at 45
- Jul 3 Samuel K. Zook, American Union general-major, dies of his wounds from the Battle of Gettysburg at 40
- Jul 3 William Barksdale, American Confederate Brigadier General, dies in the Battle of Gettysburg while leading his brigade's attack at 41
- Jul 4 Paul Joseph Revere, American grandson of Paul Revere, Brigadier General (Union Army), dies at 30
- Jul 5 Lewis Armistead, Confederate brigadier general at Gettysburg (Pickett's Charge), dies of his injuries from the battle of Gettysburg at 46
- Jul 6 Strong Vincent, American army officer (fought at Battle of Gettysburg), dies at 26 fighting at the Little Round Top in Gettysburg
- Jul 8 Francis Kenrick, Irish-American Archbishop of Baltimore (1851-63), dies at 65
- Jul 10 Clement Clarke Moore, American Professor and writer ('Twas the Night Before Xmas), dies at 83
- Jul 10 Paul Jones Semmes, American businessman and Brigadier General (Confederate Army), dies at 48
- Jul 13 John S. Bowen, American Major General (Confederate Army), dies at 32
- Jul 17 J. Johnston Pettigrew, American lawyer and Confederate General in the American Civil War, dies at 35
- Jul 18 William Dorsey Pender, US Confederate Major General, dies of injuries at 29
- Jul 22 Karl Schuberth, German cellist, and composer, dies at 52
Sam Houston (1793-1863)
Jul 26 1st President of Republic of Texas (1836-38, 1841-44) who helped bring Texas into the United States as a constituent state, dies at 70
