Mar 1 Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis, conquers Damascus
May 5Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, becomes ruler of the Mongol Empire
May 21 Hao Jing, envoy of Mongol leader Kublai Khan imprisoned by order of the high Chancellor of China, Jia Sidao at the Song Dynasty court of Emperor Lizong while attempting to negotiate with the Song
Sep 3 Battle of Ain Jalut: Bahr: Mamluk of Egypt defeat Mongol army led by Kitbuqa in the Levant - often labelled a turning point in world history, saving the Arabic-Islamic civilization from destruction
Sep 4 Battle at Montaperti, Tuscany, between rival factions the Guelphs and Ghibellines
Oct 24 Qutuz, Mamluk Sultans of Egypt (1259-60), is assassinated by Baibars, a fellow Mamluk leader, who seizes power for himself
Oct 24 The spectacular Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France; now a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Kublai Khan