Sep 25 Treaty of York signed between kings Henry III of England and Alexander II of Scotland which establishes a boundary between the two countries (mostly unchanged in modern times)
Nov 27 Battle of Cortenuova: Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II defeats the Second Lombard League
Dec 21 Mongolian forces take the Russian city of Ryazan after a five-day siege during their invasion of the Rus
Gregory I
Gregory XIII
Julius II
Julius III
Leo X
Pius V